Criminal Procedure
Before Cognizance, Hear the Accused: Section 223 BNSS, Supreme Court Rulings and the Limits of the Right
The central answer The first proviso to Section 223(1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 creates an express opportunity of hearing before cognizance in the complaint procedure to which it applies. It is not merely a discretionary courtesy. In app…