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Section 24 of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002 creates a powerful evidentiary presumption, but it does not permit the prosecution to begin with an assumption that property is criminal. Its correct operation is sequential. The Enforcement Directorat…
Section 8 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 is the statutory bridge between an executive restraint and judicial confiscation. A provisio…
A lawful search under the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 does not give the Enforcement Directorate an indefinite right to keep every asset, …
Section 17 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 authorises entry, search, seizure, examination on oath and, where seizure is not practicabl…
Provisional attachment under Section 5 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 is an urgent preservation measure, not a declaration of guilt o…
Section 50 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 requires a summoned person to attend, state the truth and produce demanded records. Article…
Section 50 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 gives designated authorities powers resembling those of a civil court for discovery, attend…
Section 45 of the Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 contains both a stringent general rule and a deliberately protective proviso. The general r…
The Prevention of Money-laundering Act, 2002 deliberately imposes a demanding bail standard. Yet Section 45 cannot authorise imprisonment without a re…
Bail under the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002 requires a court to apply two legal frameworks together. Section 45 imposes special restrictio…
When the Enforcement Directorate completes investigation without arresting a person and the Special Court later takes cognizance of a prosecution comp…
Section 19 of the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act, 2002 does not confer an unrestricted power to arrest whenever the Enforcement Directorate suspec…
C&C Law Chambers | Legal analysis | 3 September 2026 The starting point: “not mandatory” does not mean “prohibited” Can the Enforcement Directorate re…
Reporting entities are the institutional gatekeepers of India’s anti-money-laundering framework. They are not investigators or courts, but Parliament …
J.K. Tyre and Industries Ltd. v. Directorate of Enforcement, W.P.(C) 5713/2020 and connected matters, decided by the Delhi High Court on 27 October 20…
When the Enforcement Directorate attaches property already mortgaged to a bank or financial institution, two public-law regimes intersect. PMLA seeks …
The date on which property was acquired is important, but it is not a complete legal answer to attachment under the Prevention of Money-Laundering Act…
The offence of money-laundering is independent in its ingredients and trial, but it is not legally self-generating. Its jurisdictional foundation is p…